百万植树计划每年夏季开展林地生态调查,今年虽然没能招募志愿者参与,但两位来自广西生态工程职业技术学院的00后实习生加入了进来一起参与林地调查工作。
The Million Tree Project conduct forest ecological survey every summer. This year, the volunteers cannot participate the survey due to travel restrictions, but two young interns joined the team and carried on the forest survey work. They are the senior students from Guangxi Ecological Engineering College.
趁着清晨太阳缓缓升起的时候来到林地,行走在软绵的沙地之中,他们对内蒙古地区的生态环境感到新奇。迎着炽热的阳光一步又一步地前往一个个林地样点,数着密密麻麻的植物,这一丛丛嫩绿的小生命使他们的心情激动不已。
The two students went to the forest sites with MTP staff very early in the morning when the sun just rose. Walking on the soft sandy land, they felt the landscape around very different from where they come. They walked from one sample site to another and counted the plants in each site to collect data. The numerous plants on the ground symbolized the vitality of the forest.
被淹没的道路 The road to the forest site flooded
被淹没的草地 The grassland flooded
茁壮成长的树苗 The trees grew very strong in the summer
一周时间里,他们走访了3块林地,38个样点,共统计了47种植物,计得19948株植物。同时项目组还使用无人机航拍得到的图片,进行林地的覆盖度分析。分析结果发现,今年草本植物生长情况很好,4块林地平均覆盖度最小为47.95%,最大为59.85%。
They visited three forest sites and 38 sample sites in a week and counted 19948 plants of 47 species in total. In the meantime, MTP team used the drone to take ariel photos and calculated the vegetation coverage by analyzing the photos. The results showed that the plants grew very well this year. The average vegetation coverage of the four forest sites ranged from 47.95% to 59.85%.
另外,作为生态调查的补充,今年在林地内还新增了风速测量的内容:观察植被对沙漠近地层风况的调节作用。
To learn more from the forest survey, the team added a new element this year, investigating the wind speed in the sites, to understand how different types of vegetation mediate the wind above the ground in the forest sites.
两位同学在迎风面测量风速 Two interns measuring the wind speed on the windward side
“沙漠地区属于多风地区。风是含有能量的,受风能的作用,沙漠中有了风沙活动,而风沙活动又导致了风沙地貌的形成。当风遇到植被时,受到植物的阻拦,不仅风所携带的动能因传递给了植物而使风速减少,而且风向也会发生改变,从而起到调节风况的作用。”
来源:科学出版社《沙漠生态学》赵哈林 著
Deserts are windy areas. Wind has energy, so there are windy and sandy movements driven by the wind energy in the deserts. These movements result in aeolian landforms. When wind meets the vegetation, the vegetation blocks wind. The kinetic energy in wind passes on to the vegetation, so not only the wind speed reduces, but also the wind direction changes. In this way, the vegetation plays a role in mediating the wind.
Source: Desert Ecology by Halin Zhao, Science Publisher
在这次风速测量得知,不同植被类型对风速是有不同的调节作用的。
The measurements from the forest survey showed that different types of vegeation affect the wind speed in different ways.
1.植被对风速的降低作用很显著,越靠近地表,效果越明显,在贴近地表的0.2米高度(风沙流主要发生高度)上,灌木的降风速效果要好于乔木和草本植被。
The vegeation can reduce the wind speed. The lower the vegetation layer is, the more remarkable the effect is. At the height of 0.2 meter, the effect of shrub reducing the wind speed is much more obvious than trees and grass.
2.在0.5-1米高度上,乔木和灌木降风速的效果要好于草本植被。
At the height of 0.5 to 1 meter, the effect of trees and shrubs reducing the wind speed is more obvious than grass.
3.在2米高度上,乔木的降风速效果则要好于灌木和草本植被。
At the height of 2 meters, the effect of trees reducing the wind speed is more significant than shrubs and grass.
4.沙丘背风面风速始终低于沙丘顶部和迎风面,主要由于地形的物理阻挡。
The wind speed on the leeward side is always lower than the wind speed on the top of the dune and on the windard side, due to the landscape.
由于是第一次进行夏季风速测量,所以数据不够全面,需要后续采集其他季节风速数据,才能够得出更为准确的结论,用来评估百万植树计划对本区域小气候的实际影响。
Because this is the first time our team measured the wind speed in the forest sites during the summer, the database is limited. We will continue to collect data in other seasons to analyze and to evaluate how our tree planting project affects the regional mircroclimates.