林地调查说明 Review of Forest Survey
2023年10-11月，MTP项目组计划对2007-2023年期间栽植的林地逐一进行了抽样调查，但由于暴雪影响，在2023年度仅完成了部分林地的抽样调查，历时14天，测量林地20块，样地106个，总计测量林木3261棵。测量比例占林木总数量的0.11%。
During October and November in 2023, MTP team had planed to conduct forest survey in the forest which we planted from 2007 to 2023. But due to the heavy snow, our team had only completed the forest survey in a few forests. The survey, which took 14 days, covered 20 forest plots, 106 sample sites and 3261 sample trees. The survey ratio was 0.11% among total number of the trees planted by MTP.
图1. 历年调查抽样树木及比例
Fig. 1 The numer and ratio of the trees sampled during the forest sruvey each year
2023年度测量的林地主要分为两部分，一部分是位于库伦旗，造林时间从2007-2012年的林地；另外一部是位于科尔沁左翼后旗，造林时间为2020-2023年的新造林地。
One part of the forest measured in 2023 was located in Kulun Qi, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, where preserved the 2007-2012 forest. The other part was located in Horqin Zuoyi Houqi, where preserved the new forest planted from 2020 to 2023.
图2. 林地测量工作照片
Fig. 2 MTP team mearsuring trees during the survey
林地概况 Forest Basic Information
截至2023年，MTP项目于内蒙古通辽市和鄂尔多斯市共栽植42块林地，绿化面积达39462.05亩，栽植各树种共计2922765棵。其中，2023年新增两块林地，面积分别为1363亩、579.9亩。
To date, MTP has successfully planted 2,922,765 trees on 42 forest plots, covering an green area of 39,462.05 Mu in Inner Mongolia. In 2023, two new plots of 1363 Mu and 579.9 Mu were planted. (1 Hectare=15 Mu)
图3. 历年栽植面积变化
Fig. 3 Planting Areas of Each Year
栽植树种 Type of Trees
截止2023年，栽植树种9种，分别为：杂交杨树（通林5，哲林4，白城杨，小黑杨等）1年和2年生裸根苗；文冠果播种苗；五角枫播种苗；樟子松3年生容器苗；榆树2年生苗；柠条（1年生容器苗），柳树2年生苗，黄菠萝2年生苗以及云杉3年生苗。其中，柠条的成活率较低，无法统计出数据。黄菠萝和云杉的数量非常少，暂不纳入计算。
To date, we’ve planted 8 types of tree species in MTP forests, including 1-year-old and 2-year-old hybrid poplar bare-root seedlings, yellow horn seedlings, maple (Acer Mono) seedlings, 3-year-old container pine tree seedlings, 2-year-old elm seedlings, 1-year-old Caragana Microphylla container seedlings, 2-year-old willow seedlings, 2-year-old Phellodendron amurense seedlings, and 3-year-old spruce seedlings. The survival rate of Caragana Microphylla is too low to collect the data. The number of Phellodendron amurense and spruce is very small and will not be calculated.
图 4. 树种数量对比
Fig. 4 Types of trees
林地保存率 Forest Survival Rate
2023年10-11月，我们对2007-2023年期间栽植的20块林地逐一进行了抽样调查，历时14天，测量样地106个，总计测量林木3261棵。测量比例占林木总数量的0.11%。测量的指标包括：保存率、树高、地径、胸径、冠幅、株行距等。调查发现2023年度全林地保存率均值为72.98%。
In October and November, MTP team conducted surveys in 20 forest sites, which were planted from 2007 to 2023. The surveys took 14 days in total, covering 106 sample sites and 3261 tree samples. The sampling ratio was 0.11%. The survey measurements included the survival rate, height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, crown width and spacing in the rows. Based on our survey results, the overall survival rate of all MTP forests in 2023 was 72.98%.
图5. 历年保存率变化
Fig. 5 Survival rates over the years
虽然测量主体为2007-2012年林地，但2013-2019年林地在日常走访中能够看到林地状况相对稳定。所以，尽管林地测量的采样比例相对不足，保存率不会有很大差异。2023年度测量的大部分林地保存率均高于60%，基本达到目标预期。
The forest surveyed were mainly planted from 2007 to 2012. For the other unsurveyed forest sites which were planted from 2013 to 2019, the team observed that the trees were growing well on these sites during the regular all-year-around forest visits. Despite that the sample ratio was rather low, the outcomes would not differ much. The survival rates of most forest sites in 2023 were above 60%, which achieved the survival rate goals.
图6. 2023年度各林地保存率
Fig. 6 Survival rates of each plot in 2023
其中，2012-4为杨树樟子松混交林，樟子松由于频繁间种导致保存情况较差，从而使得整体数据偏低；2009-1、2009-2、2009-3是由于不符合要求的间种导致保存率始终偏低；2023-2则是初植的质量偏低，同时出现大面积放牧的情况，导致保存率较低。
For the poplars and pines in the 2012-4 forest plot, the pines were preserved rather poorly than poplars, which was caused by the frequent inter-planting between pine tree lines. This affected the average survival rate. The survial rates of 2009-1, 2009-2 and 2009-3 forest have always been low because the inappropriate inter-planting. The quality of initial planting of 2023-2 forest was low, accompanied by large-scale grazing, resulting in a low survival rate.
图7. 主要树种的保存率对比
Fig. 7 Survival rates of each type of trees
总结 Conclusion
2023年度通辽地区的春季炎热，夏季降雨较多，这种气候条件，对新增林地尤其是灌木林地的影响偏负面，尤其是初植的4-5月份的炎热天气，导致新栽植苗木根部被高温的地表沙砾灼伤，成活率偏低，经过夏季补植后，有所弥补，但整体保存率依旧不佳。而栽植多年的林地，受气候的直接影响较小，保存率和密度基本都会维持在现有水平或轻微下降。
In 2023, the spring in the Tongliao was hot and there were frequent rainfalls in the summer. This climate condition had a negative impact on the new-planted forest, especially on the growth of shrubs. The hot weather from April to May, which caused the roots of new planted seedlings to be burned by high-temperature surface gravel, resulting in a low survival rate. After summer replanting, the survival rate increased a bit, but the overall rate was still not good. However, forests that have been planted for many years were less affected by the climate. The survival rate and density are expected to remain at the current level or slightly decrease.