林地调查说明 Review of Forest Survey
2024年10-11月，MTP项目组计划对2007-2024年期间栽植的林地逐一进行了抽样调查，历时11天，测量林地20块，样地87个，总计测量林木2490棵。测量比例占近十年林木总数量的的0.11%。
During October and November in 2024, MTP team conducted forest survey in the forest which we planted from 2007 to 2024. The survey, which took 11 days, covered 20 forest plots, 87 sample sites and 2,490 sample trees. The survey ratio was 0.11% among total number of the trees planted by MTP during the past 10 years.
图1. 历年调查抽样树木及比例
Fig. 1 The numer and ratio of the trees sampled during the forest sruvey each year
2024年度测量的林地主要为位于科尔沁左翼后旗的林地，即造林时间为2013-2024年的林地。
The forest measured in 2024 was mainly located in Horqin Zuoyi Houqi, where the forest were planted from 2013 to 2024.
图2. 林地测量工作照片
Fig. 2 Mearsuring trees during the survey
林地概况 Forest Basic Information
截至2024年，MTP项目于内蒙古通辽市共栽植47块林地，绿化面积达40670.05亩，栽植各树种共计3012157棵。其中，2024年新增5块林地，均位于科尔沁左翼后旗常胜镇附近面积，共计1206亩。
To date, MTP has successfully planted 3,012,157 trees on 47 forest plots, covering an area of 40,670.05 Mu in Inner Mongolia. In 2024, five new plots were planted in Changsheng Town, with a total area of 1206 Mu. (1 Hectare=15 Mu)
图3. 历年栽植面积变化
Fig. 3 Planting Areas of Each Year
栽植树种 Type of Trees
截止2024年，栽植树种9种，分别为：杂交杨树（通林5，哲林4，白城杨，小黑杨等）1年和2年生裸根苗；文冠果播种苗；五角枫播种苗；樟子松3年生容器苗；榆树2年生苗；柠条（1年生容器苗），柳树2年生苗，黄菠萝2年生苗以及云杉3年生苗。
To date, we have planted 9 types of tree species in MTP forests, including 1-year-old and 2-year-old hybrid poplar bare-root seedlings, yellow horn seedlings, maple (Acer Mono) seedlings, 3-year-old container pine tree seedlings, 2-year-old elm seedlings, 1-year-old Caragana Microphylla container seedlings, 2-year-old willow seedlings, 2-year-old Phellodendron amurense seedlings, and 3-year-old spruce seedlings.
图 4. 树种数量对比
Fig. 4 Types of trees
林地保存率 Forest Survival Rate
经过测量后综合统计，2024年度全林地保存率均值为77.23%。
Based on our survey results, the overall survival rate of all MTP forests in 2024 was 77.23%.
图5. 历年保存率变化
Fig. 5 Survival rates over the years
林地整体保存率略有上升，2013-2021年林地的保存率变化不大，2023年林地在2024年进行了大规模补植，保存率大幅度提升，提升了整体保存率。2024年度测量的大部分林地保存率均高于60%，基本达到目标预期。
The overall survival rate of MTP forests has increased slightly, while the survival rate of the forests planted from 2013 to 2021 has not changed much. The forest planted in 2023 had been replanted in 2024, which significantly improved the survival rate. The survival rate of most forest measured in 2024 is above 60%, which achieved the survival rate goals.
图6. 2024年度各林地保存率
Fig. 6 Survival rates of each plot in 2024
其中，2014-2和2015-3为杨树纯林。2014-2林地一直受到较严重的放牧影响，保存率率始终偏低；2015-3林地则由于苗木初植过晚，叠加放牧问题，导致保存率始终偏低。
Among them, forest 2014-2 and 2015-3 were pure poplar forests. The 2014-2 forest has been severely affected by grazing, resulting in a consistently low survival rate. For the 2015-3 forest site, the low survival rate was caused by the delayed initial planting and also grazing issues.
图7. 主要树种的保存率对比
Fig. 7 Survival rates of the five main tree species
总结 Conclusion
2024年度通辽地区全年降雨较多，极端炎热的天气较少，对林地苗木相对有利，使得2024年新栽植的杨树以及往年补植的杨树和灌木均保持了较高的成活情况。而栽植多年的林地，受气候的直接影响较小，在没有严重人为破坏的情况下，保存率和密度基本都会维持在现有水平或轻微下降。
In 2024, it rained more than before throughout the year in Tongliao area, and there was less days with extreme heat as well. These factors were favorable for seedlings growing in the forest sites. As a result, newly planted poplar trees in 2024, as well as previously replanted poplar trees and shrubs, have maintained a high survival rate. However, forests that have been planted for years were rather not influenced by the climate. For these forests, the survival rate and density are expected to remain at the current level or slightly decrease in the future.