生态位
生态位，指一个物种在一定空间时间内生态学过程中的功能和地位。反应了该物种对环境的需求和生态系统中的角色。
生态因子
生态因子指直接影响植物生命活动的因子。如光、热、水、无机盐、CO2、O2等元素中，缺少任何一个，植物都不能生长和生存。“植物的生长取决于处在最小量状况的生态因子”，称为“liebig最小因子法则”(law of the minimum)。liebig最小因子法则不仅适用于土壤营养元素对作物产量的影响，光和温度等其他生态因子也具有这种限制作用。
游戏
棋盘上的生态位游戏
植被或者说生态系统在促进环境变成更适宜自身的作用（如蓄水、改变小气候、土壤改造等）被称为生态作用
内蒙古是一个缺水的地方，年均降水200-400mm，蒸发量为2862.2mm。水资源是内蒙古植物生长的主要限制因素，怎样利用好在内蒙古稀缺的水资源是植被恢复的一个重要课题。今天我们通过一个简单的游戏来了解一下在水资源缺乏的情况下，怎样植被结构能更好的利用水资源，最大化一个地区的生态作用。
我们假设棋盘是一片沙漠地区，
黑棋代表沙漠中潜在的地下水或者是降雨时能积水的地区。
白棋可分为三种：
草只需一格黑棋，
生态作用算1分；
灌木是任意三个相连的直线黑棋，
生态作用算4分；
树需要最多的水资源，因此要5格黑棋，
生态作用算15分；
分三队，分别处理不同水资源状况。
- A队为全部有黑棋的地图，代表水源充足的地区；
- B队为部分没有黑棋的地图，代表水资源分布不平均的地区；
- C队为黑棋零散的布置，代表水资源稀缺的地区。
分组挑战
5分钟内在自己棋盘的上放置白棋，最终目的是取得更多的分数
A队
全部黑棋
代表水资源非常充沛的地区
可以没有限制的大量种树，能取得最多的分数
这也代表了最理想情况下的生态系统
B队
部分没有黑棋
代表水资源分布不平均的地区
由于资源的缺乏，能种树的地区大幅减少
但因为有一定的资源种下灌木和草，也能得到不少分数
C队
黑棋零散布置
代表水资源稀缺的地区
树无法生长，只能依靠灌木和草来获取分数
内蒙古地区的水资源分布情况比这地图模拟的还要匮乏
Ecological niche
Ecological niche refers to the function and hierarchy of a species in a specific location during a specific period of time, which reflects what the species demand of the environment and what role the species play in the ecosystem.
Ecological factors directly affect the biological activities of the plants. For example, the elements such as light, heat, water, inorganic salts, CO2, O2 are essential to the lives of plants. The growth of the plants depends on the factor which is the most limited among all the factors. This is called Liegig law of the minimum. This law not only applies to the effect of soil nutrient elements on the plants, but also applies to the other factors such as light and temperature.
Gametime
Ecological niche on the board
Vegetation or the whole ecosystem is working on making the envrionment a better place for their own good, such as water conservation, changes of microenvironment, transformation of the soil, which are regarded as ecological function
Inner Mongolia is an arid place, with an average of 200 mm annual rainfall and 2862.2 mm annual evaporation amount. The shortage of water resource limits the growth of plants in Inner Mongolia. It's important to balance the tree planting and water usage. Let's play the board game to learn more abou this. Try to make plans for your planting, trees, shrubs or grass with the limited water resources.
Suppose the board is sandy land.
Black pieces represent the underground water or some low-lying areas where rainfall can be reserved.
White pieces are categorized into three kinds. First, grass, which needs only one black piece around but only one point for ecological function. Second, shrub, which needs three consecutive black pieces, winning three points in ecological function. Third, tree, which needs five black pieces around, and winning fifteen on ecologcial function.
Three groups will have their specific boards, to deal with differenct places with different water resources
- Team A has a board with full black pieces, which is a place with abudant water
- Team B has some parts where no black pieces can be found, which is a place with uneven water resource；
- Team C has only a few black pieces, whcih is a place with very limited water resource.
Team Challenge
Put the white piece on your board in five minutes, to score highest!
Team A
All black pieces
Abudant water resource
You can plant trees as many as you like to score the highest. The lavish situation represents the most ideal ecosystem.
Team B
Some lost black pieces
Uneven water resource
Because of the lack of water resource, there is not enough space to plant trees. In this case, you have to choose shrubs and grass instead. Not bad.
Team C
Fewer black pieces
Not enough water resource
树无法生长，只能依靠灌木和草来获取分数
内蒙古地区的水资源分布情况比这地图模拟的还要匮乏
