
治沙方案
Strategies to Combat Desertification
目前主流方案 Desertification Control Practices
生物措施 Biological Technolgies + 工程措施 Engineering Technologies
生物措施 Biological Technologies
通过播种一些耐干旱的沙生植物,改善沙漠化土地,控制和固定流沙
Through planting drought-enduring plants, it will gradually restore the degraded land, and fix the shifting sand at the same time.
工程措施 Engineering Technologies
利用物理原理,建设工程以增加风沙流的运动阻力,促使沙粒沉积。常见的有设置高立式沙障、栅栏、挡沙墙等
Physics-based constructions help to slow down the sand flow, and thus induce the accumulation of sands and soil. There are some commonly used ones such as straw grids/sand barrier, fences, and sand walls.
生物措施
当前主要以乔灌木的栽植为主,受水分条件限制
Biological Technologies
The current strategy predominantly relies on tree planting, yet faces challenges due to water scarcity.
工程措施
当前主要是草方格,材料为水稻和小麦的秸秆,人工扎制为主,机械扎制为辅
Engineering Technolgies
The prevailing approach employs manually constructed straw grids as sand barriers utilizing crop residues, some consctructed by machine to enhance efficiency.
新型绿色环保治理技术
Green Technology Innovations
生物土壤结皮(BSC)固沙技术
- 蓝藻结皮
- 藓类结皮
- 地衣结皮
人工培育蓝藻结皮和藓类结皮技术取得进展,可增强沙面稳定性,促进土壤和植被恢复;地衣结皮人工培养难度大,应用较少
环保化学固沙材料
高分子材料:改性聚氨酯(W-OH)、纳米TiO₂改性P(VAc/BA)
生物基材料:沙蒿胶(白沙蒿种子提取)、玉米秸秆羧甲基纤维素钠
仿生材料:聚乙烯网格沙障、仿真灌木模型
环境风险:需回收失效材料,避免塑料污染。
生态垫技术
利用棕榈树残渣制造的一种可降解,网状覆盖物,具疏松多孔和易分解的优点。
配合乔灌木栽植,提高成活率,改善土壤水分条件
微生物固沙技术
微生物固沙技术利用固沙微生物稳定土壤环境。多种微生物菌株具固沙作用,微生物菌剂与固沙植物联合使用效果良好。
菌种规模化培养条件苛刻,应用范围有限。
Biological Soil Crust (BSC) used on combatting desertification
- Cyanobacterial crust
- Moss crust
- Lichen crust
The cultivation technologies of artificial cyanobacterial crust and moss crust have made progress, which can enhance the stability of the sand surface and accelerate the recovery of soil and vegetation; the artificial lichen crust on the other hand is difficult to form, and thus rarely used.
Eco chemical sand-fixation materials
- Polymer materials: Modified polyurethane (W-OH), Nano-TiO₂ modified P(VAc/BA)
- Bio-based materials: Artemisia blepharolepis gum (extracted from the seeds of Artemisia blepharolepis), Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from corn stalk
- Bionic materials: Polyethylene grid sand barrier, artificial shrubs
Environmental risks: It is necessary to recycle the retired materials to avoid plastic pollution.
Palm mat geotextiles
A degradable, reticulated covering made from palm tree residues, which has the advantages of being porous and easily decomposable.
It is used in combination with the planting of trees and shrubs to improve the survival rate and the soil moisture conditions.
Bacteria used in sand fixation
Several bacterially generated enzymes can be expected to apply to desertification combating by stablizing the soil and leading to soil consolidation. A combined use of bacteria and vegetation will be an optimal sand control method.
But the bacteria can be limited to environmental adaptability and weak function in a harsh desert environment.
新科技应用
Application of New Technologies
治沙机械化
The use of mechanical devices in combatting desertification
“三北”工程机械治沙造林比例已接近50%,各类机械固沙造林累计节约资金数百亿元,减少风沙移动量1000多亿立方米
In 'Three-North' region (westnorthern parts of China), it's almost 50% among all the sand control and tree planting works that machines are taking over. These machines actually saved us several tens of billions RMB in afforeatation work, and reduced the amount of wind-blown sand movement by more than 100 billion cubic meters.
-植树机器人
Tree-planting Robot
-沙障铺设机
Sand Barrier Laying Machine
-飞播无人机
Aerial Seeding Drone
-数字指挥车
Digital Command Vehicle
-自走式平茬机
Self-propelled stem cutting Machine
-螺旋钻孔机
Spiral Drilling Machine
...
“适沙适机、多机联合”
"Proper use of machine in sand control, multiple machines combined"
内容来源 Source:智能助力“三北”治沙
新治沙模式-光伏治沙
New Sand Control Model - Photovoltaic Programs
发展条件
Timing for Development
- 国家战略与政策支持
- 地域广大的荒漠化土地
- 成熟的光伏产业
- 完整的电力运输网络
- National strategies and policy endorsment
- Vast desertified land
- Developed photovoltaic industry
- Complete power transmission network
治沙机制
- 遮阴与集雨:降低地表温度,提高土壤湿度(光伏板下沿土壤含水率增加30%~60%)。
- 阻风固沙:光伏阵列降低风速(平均减速33.24%),减少沙粒迁移。
- 微气候调节:减少温差、抑制沙尘暴动力源。
How does it help in sand control?
- Shading and Rainfall Collection: Reduces surface temperature and enhances soil moisture (soil moisture content under photovoltaic panels increases by 30%~60%).
- Wind Resistance and Sand Fixation: Photovoltaic arrays reduce wind speed (average of 33.24% less) and minimize sand particle migration.
- Microclimate Regulation: Moderates temperature and decreases the temperature fluctuations, and thus suppresses the dynamic sources of sandstorms.
生态效应
正向效应:
- 减少风蚀,抑制沙尘暴
- 恢复地表植被和改善土壤环境
负面效应:
- 施工过程中破坏原生植被及土壤结皮
- 光伏阵列由于狭管效应,局部风速增加
具体措施
工程措施:
- 布设沙障
- 光伏阵列合理化设计
- 节水灌溉
生态措施
- 种植耐旱灌木和草本植物
- 结合可持续农业
发展方向
技术改良
- 新节水技术及水资源管理体系
- 耐旱植物的选择和种植模式优化
- 土壤改良技术
多方合作
- 治沙技术样本库,统一评价标准
- 国际合作
总结
光伏治沙通过“清洁能源+生态修复”的协同模式,实现了经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的统一,成为全球荒漠化治理的创新范式.
Ecological Effects
Positive Sides:
- Reduces wind erosion and suppresses sandstorms
- Restores surface vegetation and improves the soil environment
Negative Sides:
- Construction damges to native vegetation and soil crust
- Photovoltaic arrays may increase local wind speed due to the Venturi effect
Specific Techniques
Engineering Techniques:
- Sand barriers
- Optimal design of Photovoltaic arrays
- Water-saving irrigation
Ecological Techniques:
- Planting drought-tolerant shrubs and plants
- Combined with sustainable agricultural practices
Next steps
Technological Innovation
- Novel water-saving technologies and integrated water resource management systems
- Choosing the drought-tolerant plants and improving the planting techniques
- Soil improvement techniques
Making joint efforts
- Database and standardized criteria for sand control technologies
- International collaboration
Summary
Photovoltaic Sand Control, through the synergistic model of "Clean Energy + Ecological Restoration," achieves the integration of economic, ecological, and social benefits, establishing itself as an innovative paradigm for desertification control at the global scale.
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